Amendment with Nanoparticulate Gypsum Enhances Spinach Growth in Saline-Sodic Soil

Abstract The use of nano-gypsum in low doses can be an innovative method to mitigate salinity-sodicity effects and enhance spinach growth saline-sodic soil. We evaluated four 960, 480, 240, 120 kg ha ?1 , addition the control recommended conventional gypsum dose (~ 30 t ), a randomized complete pot experiment. pots soil were incubated laboratory for 2 months leached 5 times another months. Then, was grown 60 days. 240 with leaching best at improving characteristics compared other both rate. Moreover, it considered critical threshold Compared after leaching, rate increased water-stable aggregate index reduced bulk density by 57.39% 16.30%, respectively; accordingly, saturated hydraulic conductivity up 2.34 times. Improved led decrease exchangeable Na ratio 91% salinity pH 83% 1 unit, respectively. These great improvements properties favored indicators, which leaf area index, root hair fresh yield 2.20, 4.41, 1.29 times, respectively, when Accordingly, is alternative high